Nozzle



March 1957 w. a. KINGSLEY 2,786,719

I NOZZLE E Filed May 17, 1954 fin 130/3 45 ?V 3 44 Q i 35 M /6 A /0 3++2 34 K? F15. 1 (/1 42 36 'l fll j;

IN VEN TOR.

United States Patent NOZZLE Warren G. Kingsley, Elmira, N. Y., assignorto Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind., a corporation ofDelaware Application May 17, 1954, Serial No. 430,119

2 Claims. (Cl. 299-120) The present invention relates generally toliquid fuel nozzles such as are used for supplying fuel to combustionchambers and more specifically to nozzles for use where space is at apremium and where fuel requirements vary over a wide range.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide aliquid fuel nozzle capable of fuel atomization throughout a wide rangeof fuel flow.

Another object of the invention is to provide a nozzle of relativelysmall size having a relatively large maximum flow capacity.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom the following specification taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a nozzle embodying the invention,taken on line 11 of Figure 3;

Figure 2 is .a view of the inner face of a nozzle tip of Figures 1 and3, taken on the plane of line 2-2 of Figure 1; and

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the nozzle taken on line 3-3 ofFigure 1.

In the drawing numeral designates a nozzle body or housing, 12 a nozzletip, and 14 a metering insert. Body 10 is provided with an externallythreaded cylindrical portion 16, a flanged portion 18 and a forward faceportion 20 having a plurality of tool engageable detents 22circumferentially spaced about an opening 24 in said face portion. Theportion 16 is adapted to be conveniently secured in a fuel conduit orcoupling member (not shown) connected to a source of fuel.

Nozzle tip 12 is adapted to seat in opening 24 and con tains a conicallyshaped spin chamber 26 that terminates in a discharge orifice 28disposed coaxially with said opening. The inner face of the tip isprovided with a plurality of slots or channels 30 opening tangentiallyinto the spin chamber.

Metering insert 14 is formed with arcuate segments 32 adapted forengagement with internally threaded wall 33 of body 10. The side Wallsof insert 14 between the arcuate segments are flat as at 34 and define,with wall 33, passages 35 on either side of the insert which are indirect communication with slots 30. A hollow cylindrical portion 36 ofinsert 14 is positioned in contact with the inner face of nozzle tip 12.A plurality of longitudinal slots or apertures 38 are formed in the sidewall of cylinder 36 and are adapted to provide a flow path betweenpassages 35 and spin chamber 26. A piston 40 is reciprocably carried incylinder 36 and is adapted to control the flow through slots 38. Aspring 42 abuts a retainer 44 at one end and urges said piston in adirection to close slots 38. The pressure of the liquid in slots 30 andspin chamber 28 acts on the piston to urge it, in opposition to saidspring, in a direction to open said slots. A bleed 46 is formed in thepiston 40 to provide an escape pass-age for fluid trapped behind saidpiston.

2,786,719 Patented Mar. 26, 1957 "Ice A filter 48 may be provided forthe inlet of the nozzle and is secured in position by a snap ring 50.

In operation, fuel entering the nozzle passes through filter 48 andflows through passages 35, and slots 30 to spin chamber 26 where theangular velocity of the fuel is greatly increased prior to the dischargethrough orifice 28.

As the pressure of the fuel in slots 30 and spin chamber 26 increases,piston 40 is moved inwardly in opposition to spring 42 whereby slots 38are opened to provide an additional flow path consisting of passages 35,slots 38, spin chamber 26 and discharge orifices 28. The spring 42 maybe calibrated and the size of the slots or apertures 38 varied so as toproduce any desired fuel fiow :as a function of fuel pressure. The sizeof slots 30 is determined so that at very low flow or pressure theangular velocity of the fuel in the spin chamber 26 is sufficient toprovide good atomization upon discharge through orifice 28. Theadditional flow path provided through slots 38 gives the nozzle arelatively high capacity so that with slots 30, the nozzle is capable ofproviding complete atomization from very low flows to very high flowswithout sacrific of capacity.

From the above description it will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art that many changes or arrangements of parts may be madewithout departing from the scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. A liquid fuel nozzle comprising a housing; a nozzle tip in saidhousing; a spin chamber in said tip; a plurality of grooves in the innerface of said tip extending from the outer extremity thereof to andtangentially intersecting said chamber; a hollow cylindrical meteringinsert in said housing in abutting relation with the inner face of saidtip; said insert coacting with said grooves to provide a plurality ofcontinuously open passages between said insert and said tip; an inletcommunicating with said grooves; a plurality of radially disposed slotsin said insert adapted to provide a flow path between said chamber andsaid inlet; a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder forcontrolling the flow through said slot, said piston adapted in oneposition to abut the inner face of said tip; a spring in said cylinderurging said piston in a direction to close said slot; and a bleed insaid piston connecting the interior thereof with said chamber.

2. A liquid fuel nozzle comprising a housing; a nozzle tip; a chamber insaid tip; a groove in the inner face of said tip formed to tangentiallyintersect said chamber; a hollow cylindrical metering insert in saidhousing in abutting relation with the inner face of said tip; arcuatesegments formed on said insert adapted to secure said insert in saidhousing; an inlet in said housing in communication with said groove; aslot in said insert adapted to provide a flow path between said inletand chambers; a pressure responsive piston in said cylinder forcontrolling the flow through said slot, said piston and insert formed tocoact with said groove to provide a continuously open passage betweensaid insert and piston and said tip.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,494,590 Smith Jan. 17, 1950 2,566,788 Berggren et al. a Sept. 4, 1951FOREIGN PATENTS 415,274 Great Britain Aug. 23, 1934 581,367 GreatBritain Oct. 10, 1946

